Subject of the article

Authors

Xayriyeva D.U.

Institution

Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan

Abstract

This review article is dedicated to the normal morphophysiology of glucose metabolism in the human body. It thoroughly discusses the key mechanisms that maintain glucose homeostasis, specifically the roles of insulin and glucagon hormones, as well as the physiological processes that ensure stable blood glucose levels. Special attention is given to the structure and functional characteristics of the main organs involved in glucose metabolism — the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscles. The article also highlights mo lecular and cellular regulatory mechanisms of glucose metabolism, including the actions of insulin recep tors, glucose transporters (GLUT), and key enzymes. It provides a detailed analysis of the body's physiologi cal responses to postprandial (after eating) and fasting states, as well as the impact of physical activity on glucose metabolism. The review covers major pathologies associated with glucose metabolism disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia, alongside current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Key words

glucose, glucose metabolism, insulin, glucagon, pancreas, homeostasis, glucose metabo lism, insulin receptors, glucose transporters, hypoglycemia, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, normal mor phophysiology, cellular mechanisms.

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