Subject of the article

Authors

Alimova Sh.Sh., Sokhibova Z.R.

Institution

Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality, making the early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis particularly important for prevention. This review presents modern methods of visualizing subclinical atherosclerosis and analyzes their role in cardiovascular risk stratification. It de scribes carotid ultrasound assessment of intima-media thickness (IMT) and the detection of atherosclerotic plaques, quantitative evaluation of the coronary artery calcium (ККИ) score via computed tomography, as well as the capabilities of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in visualizing vessel walls and plaques. A comparative analysis of the prognostic value of these techniques in predicting cardiovascular events is provided. Based on the review, conclusions are drawn regarding the advantages and limitations of each method and the appropriateness of their use to enhance risk stratification for cardiovascular complica tions.

Key words

subclinical atherosclerosis; visualization; intima-media thickness; coronary calcium in dex; magnetic resonance imaging; cardiovascular risk.

Literature

1. Papageorgiou N., Andriotis A., Mantziaris V., et al. Imaging subclinical atherosclerosis: where do we stand? // Curr Cardiol Rev. 2017. 13(1). P.47 55.
2. Mach F., Baigent C., Catapano A.L., et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardio vascular risk // Eur Heart J. 2020. 41(1). P.111–188.
3. Simova I. Intima-media thickness: appro priate evaluation and proper measurement // E Journal of Cardiology Practice. 2015. 13(21). [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of Cardiology-Practice/Volume-13/Intima-media thickness-Appropriate-evaluation-and-proper measurement-described
4. Kabłak-Ziembicka A., Przewłocki T., Pieniazek P., et al. Clinical significance of carotid intima-media complex and carotid plaque assess ment by ultrasound for the prediction of adverse cardiovascular events in primary and secondary care patients // J. Clin. Med. 2021. 10(20). P.4628.
5. Johri A.M., Nambi V., Naqvi T.Z., et al. Recommendations for the assessment of carotid arte rial plaque by ultrasound for the characterization of atherosclerosis and evaluation of cardiovascular risk: from the American Society of Echocardiography // J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020. 33(8). P.917–933.
6. Stein J.H., Korcarz C.E., Hermes L.L., et al. Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: a consensus statement from the American Soci ety of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force // J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008. 21(2). P.93–111.
7. Chua A., Blankstein R., Ko B. Coronary artery calcium in primary prevention // Aust J Gen Pract. 2020. 49(8). P.464–469.
8. Schindler A., Schinner R., Altaf N., et al. Prediction of stroke risk by detection of hemorrhage in carotid plaques: meta-analysis of individual pa tient data // JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020. 13(2). P.395–406.
9. Kenny A.P., Murphy R. Coronary CT an giography radiomics for identifying coronary artery plaque vulnerability: a systematic review // Hearts. 2024. 5(4). P.584–599.
10. Chen S., Liu C., Chen X., et al. A radi omics approach to assess high-risk carotid plaques: a non-invasive imaging biomarker (Retrospective study) // Front Neurol. 2022. 13. P.788652.
11. Kampaktsis P.N., Emfietzoglou E., Ala raji N., et al. Artificial intelligence in atherosclerotic disease: applications and trends // Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023. 9. P.949454.